International law prohibits the taking of hostages in occupied territories, as it is a grave violation of international humanitarian law and considered a crime under both domestic and international law. The International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages and the Geneva Conventions explicitly forbid hostage-taking and mandate that states must prevent, prosecute, and punish such acts. Hostages must be treated humanely, and any form of violence or cruelty is prohibited.

International law strictly prohibits using occupied people as human shields, as it is a war crime under the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and a violation of Geneva Conventions. The practice is also considered a customary rule applicable in both international and non-international armed conflicts, meaning parties must not use civilians to make military objectives immune from attack or to shield military operations.

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